Fields
Use of deep underground space
Proposals were made for the following purposes: Protecting tunnel excavation at an assumed depth of more than 50 m and stabilizing excavated areas.
1Preventing collapse of tunnel mouths and water cutoff: Soil freezing
ICELOCK (proprietary technology)ICECRETE (proprietary technology)
2Earth retaining wall: Diaphragm Wall
RC Diaphragm wallCRM
